There are three primary types of optical telescope. Telescopes, geometrical optics from alevel physics tutor. Although galileo is often credited with inventing the telescope, he. An introduction to astronomical photometry using ccds. Topics in our astronomy and astrophysics notes pdf. Cbse notes class 12 physics ray optics aglasem schools.
The primary job of a telescope is to collect a large amount of light and bring it to a focus. Galileo perfected the telescope invented in 1608 and applied it in 1609 to astronomical observations of the sun, planets, and moons e. Astronomical telescopes it is used to observe distinct images of heavenly bodies. The guide contains few of the traditional activities found in many astronomy guides such as constellation studies, lunar phases, and planetary orbits. Pdf astronomy and astrophysics notes free download. Brizard department of chemistry and physics saint michaels college, colchester, vt 05439 spring 2008. Telescope collaboration 1 department of astrophysics, institute for mathematics, astrophysics and. Ray optics and optical instruments important questions for cbse class 12 physics optical instrument. A bimonthly twice per month look at the latest astronomy news and whats happening up in the sky that you can see without a telescope. It is interesting to note that as the xxth century advanced new telescopes were getting built. This guide is not a comprehensive set of teaching notes. To study the features of small animals in biology 2. The universe is expanding faster than the laws of physics can explain.
Next will be the gaia space telescope in 20 and james webb space teescope in 2018. The astronomical telescope can be used for terrestrial viewing, but seeing the image upside down is a definite inconvenience. Another inconvenience for terrestrial viewing is the length of the astronomical telescope, equal to the sum of the focal lengths of the objective and eyepiece lenses. Candidates who are ambitious to qualify the class 12 with good score can check this article for notes.
The following is a list of the most cited articles based on citations published in the last three years, according to crossref. This is possible only when you have the best cbse class 12 physics study material and a smart preparation plan. The institute of physics iop is a leading scientific society promoting physics and bringing physicists together for the benefit of all. Spherical mirrors are treated as special cases of refraction, with the same applicable equations. Astronomical telescope consisting of two converging lenses 3 b. Physics majors who seek employment at the bachelors degree level. Astro 101 notes useful physics for astronomy professor j. Other reflecting telescope designs other types of reflecting telescope designs include the prime focus where the observer or instruments are located inside the telescope tube, the cassegrain with a hole in the objective mirror and the coude with a focal point outside of the tube. Plate scale of a telescope the plate scale p of a telescope can be described as the number of degrees, or arcminutes or arcseconds, corresponding to a number of inches, or centimeters, or millimeters etc. Telescope optics 61 lab 6 telescope optics objectives to relate image and object. As all astronomical sources are effectively at an infinite distance compared to the dimensions of a telescope, the rays from each source can be assumed to be. Optical instruments astronomical telescope spm physics. In these astronomy and astrophysics notes pdf, you will study the basic knowledge about the theory and techniques of observational astronomy and physics of the astrophysical phenomenon.
School of physics and astronomy guidance notes for potential exchange and study abroad students the school of physics and astronomy is pleased to welcome exchange and study abroad students in to its teaching programme. Note that the horizontal scale of the diagram must be chosen to enable you to fit the object, the image and the. Illustrated catalogue of objectives, telescopes, equatorials, observatories, transit instruments, spectroscopes, driving clocks, chronographs, micrometers and. Subject guide to astronomy and physics browsing the astronomy and physics collections the call number headings for astronomy and physics are qb and qc, respectively. Revision notes on ray optics and optical instruments. Sources of errors write yourself precautions write yourself bibliography ncert textbook of class 12 physics by s. It applies theoretical concepts and mathematical techniques.
Astronomical telescope a telescope is an optical instrument which is used to see the distant objects. Powerpoint slide on telescope astronomy physics compiled by akhilesh kumar. Earliest astronomical catalog created by hipparcos in late 2nd century bc. Astronomical telescope chapter 10, f sc physics, 1st year astronomical telescope chapter 10, f sc physics, 1st year jump to. Resolving power of microscope and telescope physics. It gives more detail on topics that teachers may not be familiar with and should be used alongside the specification. Conclusion the astronomical telescope designed is able to produce real, inverted and magnified images of the objects very far away from it. The volume is organised such that the single spherical refracting surface is the basic optical element.
Light from two distant sources arrives at the telescope. This book is the culmination of twentyfive years of teaching geometrical optics. Telescopes are meant for viewing distant objects, producing an image that is larger than the image that can be seen with the unaided eye. The summit of mauna kea is considered one of the worlds most important astronomical viewing sites. Angular magnification m is by definition the ratio of. An optical telescope is a telescope that gathers and focuses light, mainly from the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum, to create a magnified image for direct view, or to make a photograph, or to collect data through electronic image sensors. The cassegrain is particularly compact and easy to focus. Note that the magnification is simply the ratio of the objective focal length. We can use rayleighs to determine the resolving power. Note that in both cases the distance between the two elements is equal to the sum of the. Class 12 physics revision notes for chapter 9 ray optics. District mocks,kcse past papers,notes,form 1 4 papers available on ke uses of a simple microscope 1. Instead, teachers should select activities from this guide that support and extend existing study. In the normal adjustment of the telescope, the final image is formed at infinity.
Astronomical telescope astronomical telescope objective lens lower power eye lens highe. Principles and practices of astronomical observation including telescope and detector design and operation, coordinate and magnitude systems, and the collection, analysis, and presentation of astronomical data. Important questions for cbse class 12 physics optical. Matthews 1 astro 101 useful physics notes department of physics and astronomy university of new mexico springfallsemesters important physicsfrom chapter 3. In telescopes, very close objects such as binary stars or individual stars of galaxies subtend very small angles on the telescope. Space based astronomy pdf 103p this guide help students and teachers understand the significance of spacebased astronomy, astronomical observations made from outer space. Optics is an exciting area of study, but as with most areas of physics it requires a variety of mathematical tools to be fully appreciated. Hubble space telescope, have provided prodigious amounts of astronomical.
How do astronomers use telescope to measure the parameters of. But the technology for groundbased telescopes is also making a lot of progress. Class 12 physics ray optics get here the notes for class 12 physics ray optics. The following notes are aimed to help guide incoming students and their advisers about. Galilean telescope or terrestrial telescope astronomical telescope an astronomical telescope is an optical instrument which is used to see the magnified image of distant heavenly bodies like stars, planets. Galilean telescope or terrestrial telescope astronomical telescope an astronomical telescope is an optical instrument which is used to see the magnified image of distant heavenly bodies like stars, planets, satellites and galaxies etc. A brief history of the telescope and ideas for use in the high.
Nasas kepler space telescope discovered an earthlike planet circling a nearby star within the goldilocks zone of our galaxy. It is a medium through which light is propagated partially. Pdf on feb 12, 2018, robert hunt and others published telescope types and historical examples at the. Courses listed with an ampersand in the course number e. Please ensure minors are supervised by an adult conversant with this real danger when. Despite the inseparability of astronomy and physics since the scientific. Near point d the minimum distance at which an object can be seen most distinctly without any strain. This is not in the hardcopy and not even on the astronomy notes site but it is a major part of my outreach to the world on astronomy topics that it deserves a link here on the astronomy notes homepage. An introduction to astronomical photometry using ccds w. It is a medium through which light can be propagated easily. The refractor telescope uses a lens to gather and focus light. It consists of 2 lenses, the objective lens o of large focal length and large aperture and the eyepiece e which has a small focal length and small aperture.
Pdf telescope types and historical examples at the perth. In the event that you do not find what you are looking for by browsing, please consult merlin, the online catalog. So for maximum magnification, a telescope requires a long objective focal length and a short eyepiece focal length. In astronomical telescopes, the aperture is usually a lens or a mirror. Class 12 physics revision notes for chapter 9 ray optics and optical instruments free pdf download. Physics 320 astronomy and astrophysics i wenda cao njit physics department. The guide contains few of the traditional activities found in many astronomy guides such as constellation stud. Archimedes and other ancient greek thinkers made original contributions but we mention here heron of alexandria c.
The refracting telescope design was originally used in spy glasses and astronomical telescopes but is also used for long focus camera lenses. So for maximum magnification, a telescope requires a long objective focal length and a short eyepiece focal. For research telescopes or for astrophotography, we will place the analyzer. Telescopes gather far more light than the eye, allowing dim objects to be observed with greater magnification and better resolution. It has a worldwide membership of around 50 000 comprising physicists from all sectors, as well as those with an interest in physics. Observing the sun, even for a fraction of a second, will result in instant and irreversible eye damage. This website is about physics, astronomy, science, astrophysics, quantum mechanics, technology, science news, space and space exploration.